دانشگاه علوم و معارف قرآن کریم مطالعات سبک شناختی قرآن کریم 2676-6035 9 2 2025 10 23 Structural Analysis of the Verses of Wilayah in the Holy Qur'an, with Emphasis on Verse 55 of Surah Al-Ma'idah ساختارشناسی آیات ولایت در قرآن کریم، با تأکید بر آیه 55 سوره مائده 56 101 226009 10.22034/sshq.2025.476054.1488 FA کاوس روحی برندق دانشیار دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث ، تهران، ایران، 0000-0003-3474-0421 مریم باقری‌نژاد صالحی دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران، 0009-0004-9439-9952 Journal Article 2024 09 01 Abstract Wilayah (guardianship/authority) is one of the key and complex concepts in the Qur’an, with various interpretations provided in different exegetical sources. In particular, regarding verse 55 of Surah Al-Ma’idah, there is considerable disagreement between Shia and Sunni scholars concerning the meaning of the term “Wali”. Shia exegetes interpret Wali in this verse as “the one most entitled to authority,” deriving from it the direct guardianship of Imam Ali (PBUH). In contrast, Sunni exegetes understand Wali as indicating support and affection, emphasizing the necessity of support and love for all believers. This study employs a descriptive-analytical and critical approach, based on the methodology of Qur’an-to-Qur’an interpretation, with a focus on structural analysis of verses related to Wilayah. By examining 112 Qur’anic verses concerning Wilayah, with particular attention to verse 55 of Surah Al-Ma’idah, the research aims to extract the precise meaning of “Wali” using both structural analysis and the comparison of various tafsirs. The findings indicate that, in the Qur’an, there are seven structural categories for verses on Wilayah: 1. Restrictive Structure (Hassr): 28 verses. Most interpretations (22 verses) indicate “the one most entitled to authority,” while others suggest “administrator,” “support,” “affection,” “close relation,” or “ally.” Conclusion: In this structure, Wali predominantly means “the one most entitled to authority.” 2. Additive Structure (Idafa): 45 verses. Meanings include “the one most entitled to authority” (29 verses), “administrator” (33), “support” (35), “affection” (4), and other interpretations (17) such as “master,” “heir,” “follower,” “patron,” “sovereign,” etc. Conclusion: This structure emphasizes “the one most entitled to authority,” except in cases where contextually it implies support or affection. 3. Taking Wali Structure (Ittikhadh Wali): 22 verses. Interpretations include “the one most entitled to authority” (16), “administrator” (11), “support” (18), “affection” (4), and “obedience/following” (2). Conclusion: This structure refers to guardianship and authority over affairs. 4. Tawalli Structure: 12 verses. Interpretations include “the one most entitled to authority” (7), “administrator” (4), “support” (10), “affection” (2), and allied concepts such as “alliance,” “following,” or “disavowal” (4). Conclusion: In this structure, Wali means “the one most entitled to authority” and “administrator”, highlighting that enemies of God cannot assume guardianship over believers. 5. Tawliyah Structure: 2 verses. Interpretations include “administrator” (2), “support” (2), and associated meanings such as “entrusting” (2). Conclusion: Wali signifies administrative authority and dominance over others. 6. Priority Structure (Awlawiyyah): 6 verses. Interpretations include “the one most entitled to authority” (2), “more deserving” (2), “entitled to inheritance” (1), “closeness” (1), and “specific inheritance priority” (1). Conclusion: Awla in this context refers to “the one most entitled to authority,” distinct from “administrator.” 7. Some Are Guardians of Others (Ba‘dahum Awliya’ Ba‘d): 5 verses. Interpretations include “the one most entitled to authority” (1), “administrator” (3), “support” (5), “affection” (2), and other concepts such as inheritance guardianship, guardianship in inheritance, closeness, and obedience (4). Conclusion: Unlike other structures, this category emphasizes support and affection. Conclusion The study of the structural patterns of Wilayah verses in the Qur’an, with a particular focus on verse 55 of Surah Al-Ma’idah, shows that in most of the seven structural categories, except for Ba‘dahum Awliya’ Ba‘d, Wali primarily means “the one most entitled to authority”. The meanings of support and affection appear only in specific contexts with clear indicators. Based on detailed structural analysis and exegetical review, the meaning of Wali in verse 55 of Surah Al-Ma’idah is “the one most entitled to authority”, not support or affection. ولایت یکی از مفاهیم کلیدی و پیچیده در قرآن کریم است که در تفاسیر مختلف معانی متفاوتی برای آن ذکر شده است. به‌ویژه در آیه 55 سوره مائده، اختلاف نظرهای فراوانی بین مفسران شیعه و اهل سنت درباره معنای "ولی" وجود دارد؛ مفسران شیعه ولایت در این آیه را به معنای اولی به تصرف تفسیر و ولایت بلافصل علی (ع) را از آن استنباط کرده اند و در مقابل، مفسران اهل سنت ولایت در این آیه را به معنای ولایت نصرت و محبت معنا کرده و لزوم نصرت و محبت به همه مؤمنان را از آن برداشت کرده اند. این جستار با بررسی 112 آیه مرتبط با ولایت در قرآن و با تمرکز ویژه بر آیه 55 سوره مائده، تلاش کرده است تا معنای دقیق "ولی" را با استفاده از ساختارشناسی آیات و تحلیل تفاسیر مختلف استخراج کند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که در کل قرآن، 7 ساختار (1. اتخاذ ولی، 2. تولی، 3. حصر، 4. اضافه، 5. تولیه، 6. اولویت، 7. بعضهم اولیاء بعض) برای آیات ولایت وجود دارد و در تمام این ساختارها، "ولی" به معنای "اولی به تصرف" به کار رفته است، به‌جز در ساختار "بعضهم اولیاء بعض" که "ولی" به معنای "نصرت" و "محبت" آمده است. بنابراین، در آیه 55 سوره مائده که جزو ساختار اضافه است نیز "ولی" به معنای "اولی به تصرف" است و نه نصرت و محبت.

https://style.quran.ac.ir/article_226009_c684ffbbbbff162beec246f3bfce9b8f.pdf