Stylistics Studies of the Holy Quran

Stylistics Studies of the Holy Quran

An Analysis of the Precedence and Succession of Coordinated Singular Terms in the Holy Qurʾān

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
4 PhD Graduate in Arabic Language and Literature, Oshnaviyeh, Iran
Abstract
Extended Abstract Introduction The Holy Qurʾān, as a revealed text unparalleled in Arabic literature, constitutes the greatest miracle of the Seal of the Prophets and an eminent exemplar of eloquence and rhetorical excellence. Among its less frequently examined features is the precision of its word order and the employment of subtle rhetorical devices, such that even the slightest alteration in the placement of words may affect both meaning and rhetorical impact. The precedence and succession in the coordination of singular terms is one such phenomenon observable in certain Qurʾānic verses, occasionally giving rise to questions and interpretive challenges among readers and scholars of Qurʾānic studies. This phenomenon not only contributes to a more accurate understanding of the meanings of the verses but also manifests the literary subtlety and rhetorical inimitability of the Qurʾān. Careful examination of this feature, in addition to clarifying underlying syntactic and rhetorical principles, enhances the analytical capacity of scholars and students of the sacred text. The present study seeks to demonstrate that word order in the Qurʾān is neither arbitrary nor incidental, but rather governed by deliberate wisdom and established rhetorical and literary principles. The principal research questions are: (1) in which instances do precedence and succession occur in the coordination of singular terms, and (2) what syntactic and rhetorical considerations justify this ordering? This inquiry, beyond uncovering rhetorical subtleties, facilitates a deeper and more precise appreciation of the Qurʾān’s literary inimitability and highlights its masterful expressive techniques. Research Methodology This study adopts a descriptive approach employing qualitative content analysis. The data consist of selected Qurʾānic verses in which precedence or succession of coordinated singular terms is observed. These instances were examined in light of established syntactic and rhetorical theories, as well as prior scholarly analyses, in order to determine the underlying reasons for such arrangements. The research procedure involved identifying occurrences of precedence and succession, classifying them according to their probable causes, and analyzing the impact of word order on meaning and interpretation. Through careful extraction and examination of relevant verses, the study demonstrates how the precedence and succession of coordinated terms—while conforming to syntactic and rhetorical principles—both facilitate clearer comprehension and reveal the coherence and aesthetic strength of the Qurʾān’s literary structure. The analysis further shows that even in constructions involving the coordinating particle ‘wa’ (and), word order follows specific principles designed to achieve semantic emphasis and rhetorical elegance. Findings The findings indicate that precedence and succession in the coordination of singular terms arise from multiple considerations, which may be categorized into four principal types: 1. Precedence Based on Temporal Priority: In some cases, a term is advanced due to historical or chronological precedence. A notable example is the precedence of ins (humankind) over jinn in certain verses, reflecting the historical presence and relative significance of humankind in relation to the jinn. This ordering enhances semantic precision and enables readers to perceive more clearly the chronological sequence of beings or communities and the order of events and addresses. 2. Precedence Based on Honor and Rank: Certain terms are placed first by virtue of their dignity, rank, or special status. For example, the precedence of Christians (Naṣārā) over Sabeans (Ṣābiʾīn) signifies the higher standing of the People of the Book in comparison to the Sabeans. Similarly, the precedence of Moses over Aaron in some verses—despite Aaron’s seniority in age—reflects Moses’ superior prophetic rank. This type of precedence illustrates deliberate and skillful selection in word placement and underscores the rhetorical refinement of the text. 3. Precedence to Remove Ambiguity and Prevent Misinterpretation: In certain instances, precedence serves to prevent misunderstanding or eliminate potential ambiguity. A clear example is the precedence of Aaron over Moses in verse 7 of Surah Ṭā Hā (Qurʾān 20). Had the order been reversed, it might have given rise to the misconception that the Qurʾānic address was directed to Pharaoh. This arrangement demonstrates the Qurʾān’s careful attention to clarity of meaning and audience comprehension. 4. Precedence Based on Physical Attributes or Special Power: In some verses, precedence reflects distinctive attributes or extraordinary abilities. For instance, the precedence of jinn over ins in verse 17 of Surah al‑Naml (Qurʾān 27) and verse 33 of Surah al‑Raḥmān (Qurʾān 55) corresponds to the exceptional physical abilities attributed to the jinn in comparison with humans. This ordering not only ensures semantic accuracy but also manifests an aspect of the Qurʾān’s rhetorical artistry and precise structural design. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that every instance of precedence and succession in the Holy Qurʾān is grounded in discernible wisdom and conforms to established syntactic and rhetorical principles. Even in constructions employing the coordinating particle ‘wa’, the sequence of terms reflects remarkable precision and subtlety in Qurʾānic expression. Examination of this phenomenon enables deeper comprehension of the verses and a more nuanced appreciation of the Qurʾān’s literary inimitability. Moreover, the study of word order—beyond its scholarly significance—enhances the analysis of sacred texts and deepens awareness of their rhetorical beauty. This research thus contributes to a more precise understanding of Qurʾānic discourse and supports more informed engagement with its literary techniques.
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Volume 10, Issue 18 - Serial Number 18
Volume 10, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1۸,Spring&Summer 2026
May 2026 Article ID:134-155

  • Receive Date 22 April 2024
  • Revise Date 07 September 2024
  • Accept Date 20 November 2024
  • Publish Date 21 April 2026