Roman Jakobson’s communication theory, emphasizing six communication elements (sender, receiver, message, context, code, channel) and six language functions (emotive, conative, referential, poetic, metalingual, phatic), provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing message transmission in linguistic and religious texts. This descriptive-analytical study explores the communication structure and language functions of Surah Ar-Rahman within this framework. As one of the most stylistically and musically rich chapters of the Holy Qur’an, Surah Ar-Rahman offers an exemplary model in Qur’anic linguistics. The core question is how this Surah employs communication elements and language functions to establish an effective relationship between God (sender) and human and jinn audiences (receivers). Findings indicate that the sender is represented through the divine attribute "Ar-Rahman" and creative, instructional verbs. The receivers are engaged via direct address and rhetorical questions. The message centers on divine blessings, gratitude, and eschatological reminders. Temporal, spatial, and theological contexts enhance message comprehension, while the linguistic code (eloquent and musical Arabic) and channel (revelation and recitation) reinforce its impact. At the language function level, Surah Ar-Rahman utilizes the emotive function to evoke mercy and awe, the conative function to engage the audience, the referential function to depict creation’s order, the poetic function to enhance aesthetic appeal, the metalingual function to clarify concepts, and the phatic function to promote ethical behavior. Overall, the Surah exemplifies the harmonious integration of communicative elements and language functions in religious discourse analysis and Qur’anic linguistics.